![]() To conclude, research on the effects of heat and drought stress on disease resistance reactions must be given special attention in the future.Įxotic plant invasion may have unique functional traits that distinguish them from other species. In general, it would be important to focus on non-temperature sensitive resistance genes/QTLs. The long-term changes in disease occurrence must inevitably lead to adjustments of future resistance breeding strategies, whereby stability and durability of disease resistance under heat and water stress will be important in the future. In this review, we focus on disease resistance breeding approaches in wheat, especially related to rust diseases and Fusarium head blight, because simulation studies of potential future disease risk have shown that these diseases will be increasingly relevant in the future. Multi-disease resistance will get especially crucial. The resulting likely lower realized on-farm crop yields must be kept by breeding for resistance against already existing and emerging diseases among other measures. ![]() In several parts of NW Europe it will get warmer and dryer during the main crop growing period. Wheat productivity is threatened by global climate change. ![]() This approach could fast-track the identification of more climate-resilient wild edible species. We recommend when screening wild leafy vegetables for high temperature tolerance that photosynthetic traits be considered in the context of their phenotypic plasticity. The plant trait network analyses showed that both species displayed high phenotypic plasticity with a 5☌ increase in temperature. However, the results showed that photosynthetic traits could be useful as screening tools for C3 photosynthetic pathway species. This suggests that photosynthetic traits may be ineffective for screening C4 species, due to them being highly evolved to survive in warmer climates. parviflora, the photosynthetic traits were more sensitive to elevated temperatures than in A. dubius only and photosynthetic leaf traits in G. Both species altered biochemical leaf traits under elevated temperatures, while morphological leaf traits were altered in A. Those shared by the two species were intracellular hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, while specific leaf area was significantly different in A. Sixteen traits showed significant differences between ambient and elevated temperatures on day 15, 11 in G. Data for the 24 traits measured were used in plant trait network analyses to establish the populations’ phenotypic plasticity, including changes in the interactions/relationships amongst the traits when exposed to elevated temperatures. On days 0, 5, 10 and 15, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, selected biochemical, physiological and morphological traits were determined. One-month-old seedlings were transferred from a greenhouse to growth chambers and subjected to either ambient or elevated temperatures for 15 days. Amaranthus dubius (C4) and Galinsoga parviflora (C3). The aim of this study was to investigate whether selected biochemical, physiological (related to photosynthesis) and morphological traits could be used to screen for elevated temperature tolerance in two wild leafy vegetable species, viz. ![]() Some reports also indicate that they exhibit high levels of tolerance to abiotic stressors associated with climate change. Wild leafy vegetables are of increasing interest because many have higher concentrations of some beneficial minerals, vitamins and nutrients than commercial crops. ![]()
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